HOW REAL TIME BIDDING, DSPS, SSPS, AND AD EXCHANGES WORK

Let’s say you’re online one day and decide to do a little shoe shopping. You navigate to your favorite store, check out a pair of boots, add something to your cart and just as you’re about to checkout, the phone rings and you get distracted.  By the time you’re done talking to your friend, it’s late and you decide to buy the shoes later.

Then, the next day, you check to see who won the big game last night and you notice an ad from the shoe store you were on last night.  Not only is it an ad for the store, but the exact pair of boots you were looking at are in the ad!  Weird.  You decide to check your email and see that your mom sent you a link to a news article. You go to read the article and staring you in the face on the page is another ad for the same pair of boots, this time tempting you with a 10% discount!

How did the ads know you were shopping for shoes last night, and how did they wind up on all those different sites?  The answer is, probably through an ad exchange.

Ad Exchanges have been around for a few years, but have exploded in importance in the last year.  Along with Demand Side Platforms (DSPs) and Supply Side Platforms (SSPs), Ad Exchanges are dramatically changing the way digital media is bought and sold. If you are a digital marketer or publisher, it is a very exciting time to be working in the industry.

What makes these companies so innovative is how they allow buyers and sellers to value inventory on an impression by impression basis and in real-time.  That’s right, real time.  That means that when you clicked on your mom’s link to the news article and your browser requested an ad from the news site, the publisher put that ad up for auction on an exchange, marketers bid on that impression, and it was served to your browser in about 50 milliseconds, so fast it was indistinguishable from the time it took any other image on the page to render.  Welcome to the world of real-time bidding, or RTB, where marketers value each impression as it is created and the Ad Exchange is where it all happens.

source: http://www.adopsinsider.com/

New insights into Real Time Bidding

THE PROBLEM

Traditional online display advertising is inefficient.

For Advertisers, the cpm model of buying impressions in bulk is lacking because you are purchasing impressions for the same price per unit, even though each one has a different value to your campaign.

For Publishers, traditional display is inefficient because up to 70 % of their inventory is left unsold or sold for next to nothing. Further, for many small publishers, also known as ‘long tail sites’, there isn’t a sales team which can properly sell their quality, targeted inventory, leaving them wanting more from display.

As you can see, display advertising needs a shakeup to provide more value to both advertisers and publishers.

THE SOLUTION: REAL-TIME BIDDING

RTB allows display inventory to be purchased by the individual impression through a bidding system that unfolds in the milliseconds before a webpage is loaded by a consumer. The targeting and cost efficiency opportunities presented by RTB are making it a revolutionary force in the online advertising landscape.

HOW DOES RTB WORK?

There are 3 prominent players in the RTB landscape:

The Demand Side Platform

The Demand Side Platform (DSP) is a tool that automates the purchasing of online advertising on behalf of advertisers. Advertisers use DSPs to set the buying parameters of their campaigns and to monitor campaign performance.

The Publisher

The publisher provides the inventory. Originally, real-time bidding was only used on unsold remnant inventory, however it is being increasingly used on premium inventory due to advertiser demand and the higher revenues it is yielding for publishers. Some publishers may use Supply Side Platforms, or SSPs, to help better manage and sell their inventory.

The Ad Exchange

Ad Exchanges are often compared to stock exchanges, however an ad exchange is really a software tool that connects advertisers and publishers, facilitating the purchase of display inventory in real-time through auctions that take place in the milliseconds before a page loads. It is through these auctions that publishers are able to maximize the price for their inventory, while advertisers are able to purchase individual impressions at prices that reflect each impression’s value to the campaign.

The Real Time Bidding Process

At its most basic form, the RTB process unfolds like this:

1. The publisher provides its inventory to an Ad Exchange, who is responsible for holding an auction, during which the DSPs, on behalf of the advertisers, will place a bid on each impression.
2. The value of the bid is based on the value of that impression, as determined by the advertiser’s parameters with the DSP. The bidding process ensures that each impression is sold at the maximum price, as dictated by real time market demand.
3. Once the bidding is completed, the winner is chosen and the ad is served on the publisher’s website.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF RTB?

What are the benefits for agencies?

• Increased control over campaign performance
• Increased spending efficiencies
• Better results delivered for clients

What are the benefits for advertisers?

• Enhanced consumer targeting capabilities
• More cost effective reach and frequency
• Near elimination of wasted impressions and ad dollars

What are the benefits for publishers?

• Delivers higher revenues on inventory through opening that inventory to a buying market designed to maximize the value of each individual impression.

As you can see, real time bidding presents some amazing benefits for both buyers and sellers of online display advertising – are you taking advantage?

2 Sure-fire Ways to Make Money Online

One of the most irritating topics that people seem to want to talk about ad nauseum is how to make money online. Frankly, I’m sick and tired of reading horrible advice on this subject, and I’m even more sick and tired of responding to people’s questions about Google AdSense, which is quite literally the worst monetization service of all time for people who don’t have millions of pageviews per month. In other words, AdSense ain’t gonna work for you, cowboy.


To rectify this abominable confluence of bad info and terrible services, I’m going to clue you in on two sure-fire ways you can actually make real, spendable, negotiable cash from your Website. Not surprisingly, both methods of earning money involve actual products, and while not necessarily falling under the “easy” category, they both find their roots in the “no bullshit” category, which I happen to love.

Method One: Sell Your Own Product

It’s no coincidence that the best way to make money offline also happens to be the best way to make money online. Selling your own product and living by the objective economic laws of supply and demand is by far the best way to generate cash and to protect yourself from all the crap that goes on in the world.

Unless you live under a rock, you’re probably aware of the fact that the US stock market is currently tanking. However, if you own a business and sell your own product, this shouldn’t make any difference to you. After all, you’re selling a product that has a nice demand behind it; you support your customers; and you’re still making sales and forging your place in the market.

Best of all, selling a product online has tons of ancillary benefits:

• You’re insulated from Google to some degree, so “big brother” can kiss your sweet ass. You literally own a piece of the market, and your vertical will persist regardless of Google’s opinion or influence (or anyone else’s, for that matter).

• You get to build your business by developing your product and responding to the marketplace, and the Internet is the most feedback-oriented marketplace there is. Talk about a harmonious situation—I hear doves chirping and violins playing in the background when I even think about this.

• You don’t need to compromise your site – or your users – with ads. Even beautiful ads are ugly, and given the choice, I don’t think anyone who would choose to fill up the real estate on their Website with someone else’s crap when they could be using the same space to promote their own stuff. You want absolute control over every pixel of your site while still making money? You need to sell your own product, my friend.

Now, I realize that not everyone has their own product to sell, so from the perspective of ubiquitous application, this isn’t a great solution. Fortunately, this is where the second sure-fire moneymaking method picks up the slack.

Method Two: Affiliate Product Sales

If selling your own product is the best way to make money online, then it should come as no surprise that selling someone else’s product is the second best way to make money online. In nerdy marketing circles, this practice is known as affiliate sales, and there are tons of average Joes out there who are doing this and making sustainable incomes.

As for the people who are a little more clever than the average Joe?

They’re making a killing.

If you want to find success as an affiliate marketer, the “secret” is simply to pimp a product that you not only use, but also genuinely like. The more knowledgeable and transparent you are, the better you’ll do; but if you can only be one thing, be genuine.

There are countless affiliate programs available online, so which one should you promote? The short answer here is to promote as many programs as it makes sense to promote! For instance, as a Web developer, I routinely deal with a few merchants who also offer affiliate programs:

aMember — payment and subscription software that I use to manage my customer database on DIYthemes, my WordPress theme marketplace

vbSEO — a clever collection of PHP scripts that turns vBulletin forum software into an SEO powerhouse

MidPhase and ANhosting — Shared server Web hosting for smaller sites

VPS.net — Virtual private server for larger, more demanding sites that require extra perks like CDN and professional caching (this is how I roll here on Pearsonified)

Given the nature of my work, it makes perfect sense for me to promote these programs wherever appropriate. Now, I don’t really go nuts with these promos, but then again, I’m by no means a hardcore affiliate marketer. Despite this, 7% of my income in 2007 came from affiliate sales, so I’m living proof that even a half-assed effort in this area can produce a decent return.

How About a Hot New Affiliate Program?

If the dating game has taught me anything, it’s that hot and new are always fun, at least for a little while. Interestingly, the affiliate marketing industry exhibits a similar trend—new programs will get hot, generate tons of cash for those involved, and then slowly level off or die out depending on the quality of the product.

Today, I’m pleased to announce the new DIYthemes affiliate program, which I’ve opened in collaboration with Brian Clark of Copyblogger (and affiliate marketing) fame. Brian is literally the most genuine, transparent, and intelligent marketer I’ve ever met, so obviously, getting him on my team for this one was a no-brainer. He knows what it takes to be a successful affiliate, and I wouldn’t have bothered to open this program unless I knew I could help a lot of people kick ass.

We’re paying out 33% commissions, and based on initial sales and user testimonials from our flagship WordPress theme, this program is going to be hot.

So seriously, head on over to DIYthemes, sign up for the affiliate program, and replace that damn AdSense already. What have you got to lose, two dollars… this month?

Internet Marketing - Advantages And Disadvantages

 Everyone seems to be jumping on the internet marketing bandwagon lately. In the race to get their business online, many successful businesses forget to ask themselves some tough questions about what they are doing, what their expectations are and what their plan is to meet those expectations.

The internet can be a powerful tool that can put you on solid footing with bigger companies. On the other hand, the other companies may have more money to pay for advertising. Here are a couple of things to keep in mind as you analyze your internet marketing strategy.

Advantage of Internet Marketing

- your store is open, 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week. Further, your customers are worldwide in reach, and can shop anytime that they want to

- the cost of spreading your message is next to nothing. Emailing your subscription base is more oftne cheaper than sending a letter through the mail

- updating your subscribers can be done almost instantly through email. Visitors to your website can get up to the minute information on each visit. If you are having a sale, your customers can start shopping at the discounted prices literally as soon as they open their email

- if you have an information sensitive business, such as a law firm, newspaper or online magazine, you can deliver your products directly to your customers without having to use a courier

Disadvantages of Internet Marketing

- online marketing is not free. The cost of software, hardware, wed site design, maintenance of your site, online distribution costs and of course, time, all must be factored into the cost of providing your service or product.

- slightly over 50% of households shop online. While that number will continue to grow, you are reaching less than two out of three households.

- the internet is still regarded as a source of information gathering for the majority of your customers. Of the number of visitors to your site, the vast majority of visitors who are motivated to buy will do so in person. Many people prefer the live interaction when they buy. If you have a small business with one location, this may deter customers from buying.
- easier to have outdated information on your site, thus timing of updates is critical

- there is no replacement for good old fashioned customer service. The majority of internet marketers lack customer service and inquiry response programs. As a result, many online visitors to your site will already have painted your site as poor service before they have even contacted you. The majority of websites also have poor navigation, which makes it difficult for your visitor to find what they are looking for. Many sites were created with a marketing view, not a customer service point of view.

- is your site secure? Does your customer know this? There are many incorrect stereotypes about the security of the internet out there. As a result, many of your visitors will not want to use their credit card to make a purchase. The fear of having their credit card info stolen is a clear and present danger in the minds of your visitors

- there is a lot of competition for your product already out there. By the time your visitor finds you, they have already been clicking many links. Unless they can find what they are looking for quickly, they are gone.

- many web visitors expect something for free. What do you have to offer them?
There are many other pros and cons of internet marketing. Its important for you to consider each when creating your internet marketing strategy. Each of the disadvantages can be overcome, but only if you view the customer experience from the eyes of your customer, not as an internet marketer.
Northern Source offers web design services for small businesses. You'll find more helpful hints at http://www.northernsource.com
Christopher Smith has been creating web sites for small businesses for over 7 years. In addition to providing deisgn and consultation services, Christopher also provides tips on search engine optimization, internet marketing and traffic generation.

Article Source: http://devduttc.blogspot.com/


Read more: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/410783_internet-marketing-advantages-and-disadvantages#ixzz1NHSYSzXK

SEO Tips: Top useful SEO Sites

SEO Tips: Top useful SEO Sites

Ad Server features which helps Media Planners

I am writing this article essentially, for all online media planners.I would discuss, the most commonly available ad server features which, would help all the media planners out there, to do an efficient media plan and productive campaign execution.I would highly recommend, all the planners to gain some basic ad server feature knowledge from the publisher ad serving person/Traffickers.

Frequency capping:It is a feature, which allows one, to set a limit to the number of times an advert shown to a given user at a given interval.

Example:A Frequency cap of 1 in 1 hour.For this setting, the Ad server would throw an advert to an unique user only once in one hour.

Ad Priority:Every ad server would allow, to set priority to an ad delivery.If you want, your campaign to deliver fast, you can check with Ad serving person to set higher priority to deliver fast.Similarly, you can reduce priority for slower delivery.

Even delivery:This option would ensure that, through out the campaign period the impression burn rate is consistent.No surge and spike in impression burn.You can check, for the availability of this feature.

Daily capping:This feature allows to set a daily impression limit for a campaign.Once this limit is met, the campaign would not run for the rest of the day.

Category Set:By this feature, we can restrict the display of similar products of other advertisers appearing on the same time on the same page.Media planners can check with an ad serving person for this feature so as to ensure other advertiser's similar product does not get displayed when your advert is shown.

Companion positions:Sometimes if you have two campaigns of same advertiser on two different ad slots on a same page, the problem is both the advert might appear at the same time.Is not the inventory waste if you do a performance based campaign?In order to avoid this you can set the Ad server accordingly.This would stop the same advertiser's advert appears on the same time on the same page.Thereby, saving loads of inventory.

Targeting options:There are wide range of targeting options available.You can target based on area code, Zip code, Postal code, telephone code, city, country, state, operating system, browser, User behavior, Age, Gender, Internet Bandwidth, Time and Day,.. etc.So, use it.

Creative delivery:Many ad servers would have various options to deliver a creative based on its"Weightage, Clicks and Impressions". So, check with your ad trafficker if you want to manually increase weightage of your creative or setup can be made on the Ad server to optimize the creative based its upon impressions and clicks.

As jotted few features there would be lots many more which can help significantly help you .So, remember to spend some time to prepare a detail Ad server feature list and their use of every publisher you work with.Because, this would help you not only to Media plan but also to run efficient campaigns.

Tips for Testing Campaigns

I was pondering for a while on the topic to post.At last managed to get a topic for today.The post would focus on few ideas to test new ad and creative type on live environment.When you traffickers receive any new creative/ad format which you wanted to know how it would look on the live publisher, here are the ways you can carry out this test

• Live testing of campaigns MUST be executed in short time.Once the test ad is live, test what you needed, and turn it off instead running it for days(which is a huge mess)

• Always check for the preview and click through on the ad server before going to make live

• If you wanted to do a quick test, book huge inventory, set highest priority, and scheduled it for one day(simply traffic as exclusive/roadblock campaigns).So this test ad becomes live as soon as the Ad server pushes.Note very very importantly this type of test should be finished in short time, say 10 ~15 min after the ad server pushes.Else, it would results in unnecessary impressions delivery and also would compete with other premium advertisements running.So be utmost careful while executing this

• Another good practice is to target.By this you actually reduce the competition with actual live ads scheduled.Pick the less traffic page group of the publisher to target.Usually the publisher would have less ads scheduled, so the possibility of competing is less

• You can also geo-target .Idea is , you target the test ad to to your local(country/state/city)this way you narrow down and keep yourself out of competing with scheduled ads.Example if you are in india further drill down to city level say " chennai/bangalore/mumbai" which is your target city

Testing campaign on live environment is a good practice, but do abide your limits and its impact.Always carry out within shorter time and immediately turn off once testing is done.More the testing time, more the inventory loss and higher the cost we would be liable to ad server vendors.

Ad Operations/Online Advertsing

1.       What are the various modes in online advertising?

Advertising using internet technology (WWW)

Display advertising –Static, RICHMEDIA & Mobile/PDA

Email advertising refers to advertising displayed in an email environment. It includes: Display, text, opt-in Search/Keyword marketing

2.       What is Display Advertising?

Display advertising refers to web advertising displaying the message using graphical information beyond text.  Includes image, rich media, floating, transitional, etc.

3.       Various creative formats?

Static Image – Gif, Jpeg

Rich – Flash – swf

RichMedia – Floating, Expandable, transitional, video, Motif

4.       What is an online campaign? Types of campaigns?

Online campaign is program

a.       Branding (awareness and message reinforcement)

b.      Direct response (ROI/acquisition-focused)

5.       Explain Frequency capping?

6.       What are the various types are targeting in online adverting?

Content – Various sections on the website pages

Geographical – Country, State, city, pin code, zip code etc

 Demographic

Time and Date

psychographic/behavioral

Computer System 

Internet Related

7.       What is RFI>RFP>IO (request for info/proposal, insertion order)? Explain

8.       Define Impression and click ?

Impression: one exposure to one user of a display or text ad

Click: One mouse click on the ad displayed.

9.       Types of cost structure and explain

CPM (cost per thousand impressions)

CPC/CPA (cost per click of acquisition/conversion)

Flat rate (special sponsorships such as fixed placements)

10.   Sony has booked an ad slot of 728x90 @ 4 CPM and 300x250 @ 2CPC on Yahoo. If in 1 month yahoo records 400,000 impressions on 728x90 and 2000 clicks, then what is the total cost? Who should pay?

Cost 728x90 = 400000x4/1000 = 1600

Cost 300x250 = 2000x2 = 4000

Total cost = 5600

11.   Explain the following terminologies used in online advertising industry

a)      BUYERS - Buyers are companies that buy ad space to advertise on it. Direct advertisers, Agencies and small business.

b)      Agency - Agencies are companies that handle the advertising process on behalf of the advertiser.

c)       Sellers - Sellers are companies that Sell ad space to advertise on it. Portals, Ad Networks, Content sites and Social networks

d)      Publisher - Web-publishers will monetize their web content via advertisements by creating ad spaces.

e)      Ad Network - An ad network acts as an agency for the publisher. Ad networks do not own the content, and they are responsible only for selling ad inventory on behalf of the publishers.

f)       Remnant - Selling ad space that a publisher cannot sell. They try to buy ad space at low prices and sell it at a higher price by packaging it through targeting capabilities and reach

g)      AD Exchange - Virtual marketplaces bring together online advertising buyers and sellers. Mainly focused on: remnant (unsold) inventory and inventory from publishers with no sales structure (long tail)

h)      Media Planning: Managing the process of researching media and planning the campaign.

i)        Media Buying: Managing the process of buying the media and price negotiation. Usually buyers use an RFP process to request proposals from the publishers that satisfy the goal of the buyer.

12.   Explain the complete steps involved in Buyer/Advertise side online ad serving process

Media Planning >Buying ad space on Publisher>Creative Generation > Trafficking >Reporting>Optimization >Invoicing

Media Planning: Managing the process of researching media and planning the campaign.

Media Buying: Managing the process of buying the media and price negotiation. Usually buyers use an RFP process to request proposals from the publishers that satisfy the goal of the buyer.

Creative Management: Managing the design process from the storyboards to the actual creative. Most of the time the design process is outsourced to creative agencies or freelancers.

Centralized Tracking: The buyer needs to have a centralized view of campaign data to see how the campaign is performing across the media they bought. One key requirement online (especially for direct marketers) is the ability to track the leads/sales and what activities led to it.

Media/Creative Optimization: The buyer needs to optimize the creatives to the right audience and make sure they stay “fresh” to avoid burnout effect (displaying the same creative over and over). They also need to make sure the media purchased delivers the expected results.

Accounting: The buyer needs to be able to pay the publisher based on the pricing models set forth in the purchase order and the delivered results.

13.   Explain the complete steps involved in Seller/Publisher side online ad serving process.

Proposal generation/IO >Inventory Management > Trafficking > Reporting>Optimization >Invoicing

Account management: Managing the relationship with the buyers

Proposal management: Managing RFPs and proposals during the sales process

Inventory management: Managing the ad inventory available for sale

Order/placement management: Managing the proper delivery of the orders/placements that are sold

Yield management: Maximizing ad revenue

Accounting: Managing invoices and payments

14.   Example of adserving platforms

Publisher side – DFP, 247 OAS, Yield manager, Pointroll, Eyeblaster, Yahoo Rightmedia

Agency/advertiser side – DFA, ATLAS, Accipiter, Yahoo AMP. OAMS, ADMODUS, Helious iQ

Exchange tools – Ad Exchange

1.        What is browser/proxy server caching? What is caching?

A:  Information, such as web pages, images, etc., are saved on a user’s computer or proxy server so that the information can be accessed more quickly. The information is accessed more quickly because the browser and/or proxy server need not re-contact the original source. This is a natural occurrence in the web and is responsible for making sure that web pages load as quickly as they do.

In an attempt to speed up user experience around the web, most browsers implement a technology called cache. This mechanism allows information, such as web pages, images, etc., to be saved on a user’s computer. Therefore, if the user calls for a previously requested web page, the browser will recall the information from the cache and not make another request from the site itself. Once the browser receives a DoubleClick ad image, it will store the image in the cache. Further calls for the ad image will be drawn from the cache – not from DoubleClick -- and an impression will not be counted. In order to defect the browser cache mechanism, Cache busting (aka Random Number Generation (RNG)) is implemented. 

What is Random Number Generation (RNG)?

A:  RNG is the process of inserting a random number in HTML tags to defeat browser/proxy caching. Random numbers change every time the tags are requested and sent. To be sure, cache busting can be achieved via the inclusion of any random string; however, this string is most commonly a number.

Browser caching can be defeated by dynamically creating unique tags for each ad image served. This ensures that when a user navigates from page to page the ad image is not delivered from the browser’s cache, but rather a new image is delivered from the DoubleClick servers for each request. To accomplish this unique tagging, a different random number is added to the image tags that reference the ad image. Typically, when a browser sees another image call with the same name, it pulls the ad from cache. To defeat this, an ord= attribute is added to the HTML tag, and when implemented correctly, prevents the images from being pulled from the cache. Tags with different “ord=” values prevent this caching problem because the different value forces the browser to retrieve a new banner from the ad server. If not implemented correctly, though, browser caching will not be defeated.

1.       What will happen if I do not use RNG to defeat caching?

A:  Web pages, images, etc. will be served from the user’s computer or proxy server rather than from DoubleClick’s servers. This will result in the undercounting of impressions and will cause counting discrepancies. This is an issue that can negatively affect both the Advertiser/Client and the Publisher website.

18.  Conversion tracking and how do you track the same?

What happens after a viewer sees a banner and doesn’t click ? Are they coming back? Converting?

Process of tracking the information beyond click and impression like post click and post impression. This will be tracked on the landing page. We need to use 1x1 pixel calls on the each page of the landing URL (Advertiser website) where you want to track the conversion activities.

When a browser hits a page on the advertiser’s site that contains a conversion/spotlight tag, the browser initiates an “HTTP get request” for a 1x1 pixel to the ad serving tool. In the process of making this request to DoubleClick, a user’s browser passes back information in the tag including IP address, operating system, browser type, cookie ID and the URL of the tag itself.

19.  Postclick/post impression

post-click activity :An action performed by a user in a web page that contains Spotlight tags, where the visit is a result of having clicked on an ad.

post-impression activity

An action performed by a user in an advertiser’s web page that contains Spotlight tags, after having seen an ad for the advertiser

20.  Why do we use clickTag in flash creative?

We use clickTag because it allows us to add our click tracking string to the final click through destination. Typically, clickTag is implemented in a button action like so

on (release) {

            getURL (_level0.clickTag, "_blank");

}

21.  Explain the following reporting metrics

Field	Description
Click Rate	The percentage of impressions that resulted in users clicking an ad. Calculated as: Click Rate = (Impressions/Clicks Recorded) * 100
Clicks Recorded	The number of times users have clicked ads in a campaign to date.
Effective CPM	The cost per thousand impressions. Calculated as: Total Cost [$] / (Delivered Impressions / 1000)
Impressions Delivered	The number of impressions that have been delivered to date.
Media Cost	The cost of all delivered impressions and clicks. The cost type and the cost entered against the placement are also factored in the calculation. This information is determined by the advertiser when pricing information is entered in the Trafficking module. The media cost does not take into account run dates, but does take into account hybrid pricing.

22.   What is an invalid click?

Invalid click  is any click that is not generated by an actual human user. Causes of invalid clicks: - Spiders, robots, crawlers, and other automated agents: - Programs that download entire websites for offline use:  Link analyzers and code validators: This is a click fraud technique.

23.   Why do we have to send screen shot?? Explain

Once the ad is serving live on the website for a new campaign, we need to provide a proof of the same to advertiser. So agency will take a screenshot on website once the ad is showing and this will be shared with Advertiser as a proof.

24. What a sales person in publisher end do?

Selling the ad inventory, checking the availability and booking the ad slot and preparing Insertion order.

25. What are the basic element needed to traffic an ad

Trafficking instruction/IO, creative assets and Landing page URL

26.   What are various types of creative rotations?

Random, sequential, weighted, best performing etc